The Almighty said: (Lord said that I killed a soul from them, so I am afraid that they will be killed, and my brother Aaron is the most eloquent of me than a tongue, so I will send him with me a wick that believes me, that my brother.)
It is not enough to be a holder of a right, but rather decisive positions need eloquence in the speech and eloquence in the answer, so Aaron, peace be upon him, was the first lawyer known to mankind. Advocacy is a salutary, courageous and courageous message that carries its brigade one of the lawpeople who are fighting for it to deliver the spirit of justice to its owner, which made Louis XII the King of France say, “If I had not belonged to France, I would have been a lawyer!” It is an independent and clearly defined industry, as it is considered one of the components of decision-making in all commercial, administrative, political, and security levels. It has become one of the tributaries of the national income of countries, where the profits of the 200 most famous law firms in Britain reached more than 20 billion pounds in 2014. When more than 316,000 employees work in this sector.
The contemplative of the legal industry in every country finds that it is the same in terms of humble and sometimes faltering beginnings, and it ranges according to the maturity of the experience and the multitude of practice to an advanced stage that defines its features as an independent industry. The history of practicing the legal profession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia stands on basic milestones that monitor every time period in which the legal industry develops according to local and international variables; It can be said that it went through four stages:
The first stage: formation and establishment, which coincides with the establishment of the Saudi judiciary in 1925 AD, where King Abdulaziz – may God have mercy on him – in 1926 ordered the continuation of the practice of Ottoman law, saying: (The provisions of the Ottoman law are still in progress until now, because we did not issue our will to cancel it, and put provisions New in its place, and therefore we agree with your proposal regarding the continuation of the provisions of that law …), so the law was present and its roots are drawn from the judiciary, as historians mentioned in the translations of one of the notables that he who took the agency as an industry to prove the legal arguments and wrote the ruling judgment, jurisprudence and inheritance.
The title “agent” was for the lawyer, and he noticed that practicing law in the Hijaz is the most mature and deepest experience in terms of religious tourism revitalizing the region’s economy. In 1928, King Abdulaziz issued the system of Sharia courts and their formations, which copied the Ottoman instructions, and then the systems continued after them as the system of conducting Sharia trials in 1932 AD, and the organization of administrative work in the Shariah circles 1937 AD, which included some restrictions on the power of attorney such as the permissibility of one of the courts to delegate to others and the power of attorney in cases of illness And the women who were not prominent, and after that, the system of concentrating the responsibilities of the Sharia judiciary in 1939, which made the powers of the chief judge of the court in its seventieth article “give testimony of the power of attorney of attorney, applied the instructions laid down for her and reported to the court, and that he sign the power of attorney.” Under the Presidency of the President of the Court. “
The second stage: economic recovery and specialization, which begins in 1940 AD where the oil industry was born, specifically in 1952 when the Arab American Oil Company moved its headquarters from New York to Dhahran, and the economies of the region began to require labor and labor issues and stifled the first system of work and workers in 1969, and a number of regulations that organized The profession while handling the procedures of conducting trials, and stipulated the attorney and the lawyer and some of their obligations and rights, such as the Commercial Court System 1970, the regulations for pleadings, reconciliation and arbitration procedures, the primary committees and the Supreme Committee 1970, and the regulation of the trial before the Judicial Supply Committees 1975 AD and others. It is worth noting that the “boom” in the issuance of regulations was accompanied by a need to establish a systems department in the College of Administrative Sciences at King Saud University where the first batch was in 1984 AD, as well as keeping pace with the graduation of the higher diploma of systems from the Institute of Public Administration, where the legal “duplication” began to differentiate between a graduate Sharia and law graduate “law” even in licensing to practice law.
The Ministry of Justice, through Sharia courts, grants licenses, sometimes called “licenses,” to practice “agency by litigation” for graduates of Sharia law or who have previous experience and knowledge in the courts or jurisprudence, while the Ministry of Commerce licenses “practice legal advice” for those with recognized legal qualifications and for those who hold A diploma in regulations from the Institute of Public Administration, by virtue of the Ministry of Commerce’s administration to regulate free professions, and a system of professional companies was issued in 1991, which allows persons licensed to practice a free profession to be among themselves civil companies and have the participation of specialized foreign professional companies under the conditions specified by the Minister of Commerce. In an attempt by the Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce and Industry during its establishment in 1980 AD to find an authentic and modern reference for lawyers to work on developing the legal profession and advancing it, it established a committee emanating from it called the “National Lawyers Committee”, but its practice was limited because it did not have the necessary powers to work as a trade union for “professional societies” , And not all lawyers are affiliated with it.
The third stage: organizing the profession and opening up to the world, in January 1995 the World Trade Organization was established, and the kingdom then sought negotiations to participate as one of the poles of the global economy, which requires keeping up with its regulations to open up to the world, in October 2001 AD the Kingdom issued the first legislation regulating the legal profession that melted duplication in Licensing and the marriage of graduates of Sharia and Law “Laws” in the name of “Lawyer”. After negotiations that lasted 12 years, the Kingdom joined the World Trade Organization on 11/11/2005, and international companies invested in the Kingdom, accompanied by international law firms that provided advice to their clients in cooperation with law firms.
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